IMPACT OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP EDUCATION AS A TOOLS FOR ALLEVIATING INSECURITY AND POVERTY TERTIARY INSTITUTION
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Background to the study
Education is an essential factor needed for the progress and development of a nation. Different education theories have established that there is a positive relationship between training, human capacity development and the economy progress, social security and better standard of living in any nation. Oluwatobi and Ogunriola (2011) postulated that one of the potent factors that enhances the wealth of nations is that of education and that the better a nation’s investment on education, the higher the productive capacity and national wellbeing. Human capacity and productivity could be developed through education because education is inseparable from human capacity development. According to Adedeji and Campbell (2011), Higher education is a sine-qua-non for human capital development and economic growth and that the form of education that will translate to economic growth, especially, in Nigeria and must place emphasis on the access to, content and openness of the education programmes to labour market demand.
Agi and Yellowe (2013) posited that education is important to the development of human resources, impartation of appropriate skills, knowledge and attitude. It is the basis for transformation, industrialization and a high way to global knowledge economy and education brings about better persons. Although there are divergent views on the concept of entrepreneurship, inherent or learnt, entrepreneurship training increase your performance as a business owner (Bolat, 2013).Entrepreneurs over the years and time have been the backbones and lifeline of development for every nation. The impact and roles of entrepreneurs cannot be underrated and over emphasized. The entrepreneurs through creativity and innovation have brought about development, creation of employment, increase in foreign exchange, and development of local and indigenous technology among other pivotal roles. Entrepreneur according to Entrepreneurship Indicator Programme (2009) can be defined as “an enterprising human which activity is in pursuit of the generation of value through the creation or expansion of economic activity, by identifying and exploiting new products, processes or markets”
In a nutshell, the
state of situation in Nigeria has caused a lot of security challenges for the
Nigerian government and people. These
challenges are so overwhelming that even national unity and integration are
threatened especially with the recent Boko-Haram terrorism and Fulani Herdsmen
incessant killings which have been misinterpreted by many as religious violence
between Muslims and Christians. Apart from the above security challenges that
have become national issues, there are other challenges like kidnappings for ransoms,
armed robbery, child/human trafficking, ritual killings, gang raping and
political
assassination which gradually increasing due to the
political stage and elections coming up soonest and so on.
In the past, Nigeria after she gained her independence and went through a civil war termed “Biafra War” from 1967 to 1970 relative peace has existed until recently when agitation by some groups that think they have been marginalized in the activities of Nigeria, the violence, the killings and so on. Thus, Adebakin and Raimi (2012) pinpointed that Nigeria is one of the relatively secured nations in West African subregion. In recent times, this endowed nation suddenly metamorphosed into an abode of serial bombing, hostage taking, armed robbery, cold-blooded killings and ethno-religious conflicts traceable to militant groups with conflicting ideological, political and religious agenda. Among these militants groups are Niger-Delta insurgent, campus cults, Bakassi boys, armed groups, O’odua peoples’ congress, Boko Haram and so on. The reason the abovementioned security issues escalated is because of the nonchalant attitude of the Nigerian government, people and Nigerian security forces like the police, the military and so on to tackle them heads-on. Leaving security challenges to continue costs lives and properties of both the Nigerian people and the government and also bestows on Nigeria a negative image and identity. Thus, the solutions to these challenges have become eminent and paramount. With Nigeria as the most populated African country, eradicating security challenges will bring sustainable national security, economic advancement, more foreign investments and so on.
Akhuemonkhan, Raimi and Ogunjirin (2012) noted that Nigeria
is a populous Black African nation, blessed with population of over 150 million people,
with wide geographical spread across thirty six (36) states and a federal capital territory.
With the state of Nigeria as of today, advocating for
peaceful co-existence will be the solution to the overwhelming security challenges facing the Nigerian
government and people
It was observed that there is an increasing rate of insecurity in the country which may be caused by many factors, as a result of this the authors of this study tried to examine entrepreneurship education and how it affects the increasing rate of insecurity in the country.
In other words, insecurity
in a nation is a threat to development and entrepreneurial education will
immensely contribute in curbing various insecurity challenges in the country.
The topic of entrepreneurship is of specific
importance in contexts where Nigeria undergraduates and graduates are. This is
so because most graduates will remain employees and never become entrepreneurs
but their managerial responsibility will increase and require them to act
entrepreneurial. In such circumstance the knowledge acquired via
entrepreneurship education wouldn’t have been a waste especially as
entrepreneurs are the drivers of innovation in every paid employment.
Statement of the Problem
Education in Nigeria is devoid of the element crucial to averting the surging rate of unemployment in the country, therefore the breeding of psychological dependence on direct access to money. Entrepreneurial development through education will advance the economy of the nation; much credence should be given to it and ingrained with focus on profitable personal development. Unemployment prevails in the country, hence, the growth of violence, poverty and segregation amongst citizens, because the educational system itself fails to empower the ones passing through it.
Poverty in Nigeria is becoming widespread and severe and in spite of the Nigeria’s vast resources, the country is known for her low Gross Domestic Product (GDP), low per capital income, high unemployment rate, low industrial utilization capacity and high birth rate. Both scholars and policymakers have proposed that entrepreneurship is an effective means for economic development and poverty alleviation in impoverished and lower income regions of the world. Worse still the problems of poverty in Nigeria is multifaceted, among which are , lack of access to good health facilities, high infant mortality rate, lack of essential infrastructure, unemployment, underemployment and corruption. Poor people lack the capacity to meaningfully participate in the economy, either as producers of goods and services or as suppliers of labour. The Nigeria government have introduced and established various programmes, policies and agencies saddled with the responsibility of alleviating poverty in the country. However, despite this insecurities experience in Nigeria very little seems to be achieved in terms of real impact of the plight of the poor. As a result of this problems, the researcher intend to investigate the impact of entreprenurship education in alleviating insecurity and poverty among College of Education Students in Ikere Ekiti.
Objective of the study
The major objective of this study is to investigate the impact of entrepreneurship education as a tools for alleviating insecurity and poverty among college of education students
The specific objective is to
1. Investigate the impact of entrepreneurship education in curbing insecurity among college of education students
2. To find out how entrepreneurship education can reduce youth in engaging social vices in college of education
3. To find out if Entrepreneurship education have any significant effect on the exposure to uncertainty and anxiety in Nigeria
4. to examine the impact of entrepreneurship education in alleviating poverty among college of education students
5. to investigate how entrepreneurship education help the youth to be self-empowered
Research questions
The following research questions were raised to guide the study
1. What are the impact of entrepreneurship education in curbing insecurity among college of education students?
2. Does entrepreneurship education help in reducing youth in engaging social vices in college of education?
3. Does Entrepreneurship education have any significant effect on the exposure to uncertainty and anxiety in Nigeria?
4. What are the impact of entrepreneurship education in alleviating poverty among college of education students<
5. Does entrepreneurship education help the youth to be self-empowered
Significance of the Study
The study is significant for providing relevant information on the need to improve on higher education towards proper preparation of under graduates for the world of work. It will also be a sensitization document to undergraduates and anybody accesses it on the paramount importance of going for entrepreneurship skills development education programmes to acquire relevant skills that will enable one survive in a depressed economy.
The results of the study are also meant to create a high level of awareness among prospective graduates on the relevance of entrepreneurship education in curbing the issues of insecurity in nigeria. The study is also significant for articulating the need for education planners and Nigerian tertiary institutions' authorities (private and public) to direct effort at inculcating courses for entrepreneurship development skills into tertiary institutions' curricula and programmes.
Scope of the Study
The study examines the impact of entrepreneurship education as a tools for alleviating insecurity and poverty among college of education students the study focused on graduates of College of Education Ikere Ekiti
Definition of Terms
Entrepreneurship: entrepreneur ship is the process of identifying and starting a new business venture, sourcing and organizingthe required resources, while taking both the risks and rewardsassociated with the venture.
Entrepreneurship education: entrepreneurship education seeks toprovide students with the knowledge, skills and motivation to encourage entrepreneurial success in a variety of settings.
Entrepreneurship training: entrepreneurship training is a trainingthat enables entrepreneurs to become successful business leaders bydeveloping entrepreneurial capabilities, business skills and networkfor successful international expansion.
Unemployment: unemployment is a situation in which a qualifiedperson who is willing and able to work but have no job.
Youths: youth is the time of life when one is young, but often meanstime between childhood and adulthood.
Social vices: Social vices are deviant behaviours such as illicit sex, drug addiction, evil or immoral behavior such as murder, examination malpractice, thuggery and such other criminal tendencies.
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