FACTORS AFFECTING LEARNING OF
BUSINESS EDUCATION IN TERTIARY INSTITUTION .
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Background to the Study
The advent of Business Education stressed the need of providing the youths the educational experience which equips them with saleable skills and competence. Lawal (2015) stated that, in the past two decades, Nigeria has witnessed a compelling demand by Business Education for a place in Nigerian school curriculum. Lawal further added that the thirst for trained managers, accountants, secretariat and allied staff has remained unassigned. Indeed, in recent business education has virtually imposed itself on every one of us. A good percentage of our adult population has a smattering of such business concept as foreign exchange , bunkering, budget, import, advertising and distribution. All these emphases the important of Business Education in our school curriculum. Business Education are an integral part .of vocational education “which encourages the use of the head and the hands in acquiring specific practical training required in business and industry at the junior secondary school level. Business Education are taught as integrated subjects such as book keeping, commerce, office practice, shorthand and typewriting. While at the senior secondary school are allowed to stand on their own as separate subjects whereby students move towards a career option which they are likely to pursue further professional training at the university. Pubic secondary schools are government schools sponsored by public taxes that provide free education. They focus in the general education basis and controlled by school authority. Public secondary schools are local and affordable to all children. Examinations are regarded as a method of assessment of students who have gone through one level of education or another at the end of a term, a semester or academic year (Kayode 2005).Student's failure, in examination in public secondary school is a dangerous dimension to education sector.
Teaching and learning are key of economic development world over. Teaching and learning provides education to the learners. When the students and largely the citizens of a country are educated, they become literate and that is a key to sustainable social, economic and political stability of a nation (Ojiambo, 2009). The government of Nigeria has significantly invested in education which is evidenced by the number of schools both primary and secondary as well as colleges and universities established after obtaining national independence in 1960. Further, the country is proud of its literacy level in the region and world over (Dokora, 2015).
The central objective of education i.e. teaching and learning is to transfer knowledge, skills and understanding from the instructor to the learner, that way education prepares the students at young age to be focused members of the local and national economy and upholds societal development (Nani, 2016). Effective education has positive impact on the general public, their nutritional health, social values and the efficiency of labour (Kising‟u, 2012). The challenge of increasing unemployment facing developing economies can be addressed through Business education and training that equips learners with skills and knowledge of entrepreneurship, starting up own businesses, self-employment and increases in income; therefore the curriculum of Business education in schools should be tailored on equipping the learners with both theoretical and practical entrepreneurial centered skills indicating the role of Business education in the society (Nani, 2016).
Business education is widely recognized as an effective pivot for development of professional or skilled manpower in all aspect of commercial, industrial and managerial areas. Osuala (2004) stated that, the advent of Business Education stresses the need of providing the youth with the educational experience which equips them with saleable skills and competencies. He added that, Business Education is a vocational subject taught in junior secondary school in Nigeria aimed at providing youths who may proceed to senior secondary school (SSS) to graduate with the necessary prevocational skills that will enable them to be useful to them selves and to the community in which they live. He said that school would equally be exposed to the educational experience that would give them comparative advantage in the world of work. The increasing interest about student's perfofl1lance calls for identification of the place of business education and appraisal of business subject in educational system. However, (Olujuwon ,2010) note that series of factors affecting student's academic performance include poor instructional quality, student's negative attitude to school, overcrowded classrooms and poor facilities.NPE (2004) stated that, teachers are important in any educational system. This is because, the qualities of the system itself. Profession teachers: in particular are crucial in the formulation of education policies in any country. According to Kochlar (2000), teacher is to guide the pupils by his percept and possess professional efficiency. Onifade (2010) stated that part from the failure of government atall levels to put in place facilities for teaching and learning at all secondary school level. The methods used by some teachers do not enhance the power of thinking and understanding the subject such as type writer, shorthand and accounting. Which are skill-oriented subjects requiring thinking and most importantly carefulness. Aliyu, (2001) noted that, traditionally shorthand and typewriting are designed skill subjects; performance in a skilled subject requires the application of the three (3) domains for learning, namely: the student's cognitive, effective and the psychomotor respectively. Nwanunobi (2010) viewed that, the problem of failure in examination goes beyond the student's cognitive ability. The decaying infrastructure in most secondary is directly responsible for the problem. The laboratories are poorly equipped, even the physical infrastructure like classroom and libraries are nothing to write home about. So with these factors in place how go you expect the student to perform brilliantly in examination? It is just not possible. Kochhar (2000) stated that, the library is the hub of the academic life of a school. It is considered to be the intellectual laboratory of the school. It is also the pressure vault of ideas, the store house of knowledge and the flowing streams of living thoughts. However, Chean (2007) stressed that, the school library is the sole institution that provide children services but they are not adequately funded. Reading habit of children is low because not all children have access to books school may have some programmed for the children but the fact that the school library is not adequately funded; their wishes and aspiration will not go well. Aliyu (2001) stated that, a laboratory is considered essential which serve as the office practical room and for keeping of other machine available for learning. Most of the public secondary school are overcrowded as many as seventy (70) and above pupils, that of teaching in the classroom such as lecture and discussion methods while in vocational subject like Business Education, these methods cannot be employed for effective teaching process. Kochhar(2000) also noted that furniture plays an extremely important part in the physical, moral and mental welfare of pupils as education is the cultivation of a first and legitimate familiarity between the mind and the things. Onifade (2010) stated that government of both federal- and state have not showed commitment and will to find the education sector properly. As a result the basic facilities for teaching and learning are not there. Adequate teaching and learning facilities are basic and essential for an effective Business Education programmed. Aliyu (2001)stressed that teaching and learning facilities are essential that help to stimulate interest which in turn motivates students to perform better in their studies.
Kanu (2002) stated that, any school learning process that lacks teaching materials would not expect and will never achieve desired goals in teaching and learning process. Equipment and facilities should not only be available but should bein good quality because when they are adequate and qualitative teachers find that simple, convenient and becomes likely in teaching. Similarly, Hassan (2003) maintained that instructional material make teaching and learning process effective, interesting and real. Ughamadu and Okoye (2006) stated that, a learner is interested in a particular activity worthwhile to him and is for his advantage. In this way, a lesson may be amusing without really being interesting to the learner. The learner's interest must be considered while teaching because e interest and ability are highly related. It can also be aroused by discovering the best method of teaching that enhances the child's learning process by getting him as active participant in the class Edem (2006) stated that, the ability of the student to learn is to a large extent dependent on what the teacher address to arouse his interest in school work and to bring him to appreciate the important of education as a human ability. Student's negative attitude to studies has been attributed as a factor which results to examination failure among students. As such, poor performance is largely as a result of wrong attitude to study and this is in line with the viewed that, study skill is the ability to make use of adequate choice expected in the area of learning. Anamze (1999) stated that, students who are deficient instudy skill would easily fall prey to examination malpractice whereas if they possessed the skill they would be self-confident and dependent on their ability to achieve. Onifade (2010) stated that, In any students are not ready to learn these days. Closely related to this truant behavior on the part of students is the failure of the parents to monitor their wards movement and activities during and after school hours.
Statement of Problem
Student's failure in business education examination is among other disturbing development- to education sector in recent times. It is discouraging to note that despite all the problem business education faces at the earlier stage and the opportunities at had offended to the country, much has not been done to improve the situation. Schools, students still today lack qualified business teachers which may be as a result of the period of former inadequate when compared with the complexities and dynamic nature of knowledge required.
Hence, there are students failures in business education in College of Education in Nigeria and the failure may be as a result of inadequate qualified teachers, inadequate teaching and learning facilities, inadequate infrastructure, and poor method of teaching, non-completion of syllabus before examination and lack of confidence on the part of teachers and students. Thus, there is the need to address this problem on what can be done to halt the situation which if care is It is true that many college of education have not been given much attention to the business subjects compared with the emphasis on science and vocational subjects. Thus, with reference to College of Education Ila Orogun, based on the above problems, the researchers intended to carry out a research project on the Factors Affecting Learning of Business Education in Osun State College of Education ,llesa, Nigeria.
Objective of the Study
The main objective of this study is find out the Factors Affecting Learning of Business Education in Osun State College of Education ,llesa, Nigeria.
To be able to achieve this objective the following specific objective is considered:
1. To investigate factors affecting learning of business eduation in osun state college of education
2. To determine whether the teacher commitment to teaching and work habit can be affect learning business education
3. To determine whether teacher qualification, availability and use of teaching materials and parental involvement are the factors affecting learning of business education
4. To also determine if students -teacher relationship have effect on students poor academic performance in business education
5. To offer suggestion on how the problem can be solved.
Researcher Question
This study thus attempts to find answers to the under mentioned research questions and find out where the problem lies:
1. What are the factors affecting learning of business education in soun state college of education?
2. To what extend does teacher commitment to teaching and work habit can be responsible for Learning of business education?
3. Does teacher qualification, availability and use of teaching materials and parental involvement affect learning of business education?
4. To what extent does students -teacher relationship have effect learning of business education?
5. What are the suggested solution to the factors responsible for Learning of business education?
Significant of the Study
This study will enable the teachers of Business education to identify those problems affecting student’s performance, thereby helping them to proffer solution to them.
The government too will benefit from this study in that, it will beam it’s search high on provision of teaching material and other teaching facilities that should be made available for the use in the classroom
Scope of the Study
The research work is limited to the business education department in osun state college of education Ila orangun .
Definition of terms:
Business education : Business education is the name given to conglomerate of business subject offered at the secondary school level. These subjects are commerce, typewriting, shorthand, office practice, book – keeping.
Teaching Materials: these are the equipment or resources used enhance teaching and learning process for the achievement of set educational objective or goals.
Prevocational Subjects: these are subject which students are initially introduced to, in – order to expose them to available opportunities which will later help them to select a career in business.
Teaching: The profession of a teacher or the activities of educating or instructing; activities that impart knowledge or skill.
Learning: The cognitive process of acquiring skill or knowledge or profound scholarly knowledge.
Problem: A state of difficulty that needs to be resolved or a question raised for consideration or solution.
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