EFFECT OF ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATION ON THE PEOPLE OF URBAN CENTRES



EFFECT OF ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATION ON THE PEOPLE OF URBAN CENTRES 
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title page                                                                               
Certification                                                                                    
Dedication                                                                             
Acknowledgement                                                                  
Table of contents                                                                    
CHAPTER ONE
Introduction                                                                                           
Background to the study                                                                  
Statement of the Problem                                                     
Objective of study                                                                            
Significant of the study                                                          
The study Area                                                                       
Research Question                                                                  
Definition of Terms                                                                
CHAPTER TWO
Literature review                                                                 

CHAPTER THREE
Methodology                                                                          
Research Design                                                                    
Population and Sample                                                          
Sampling Procedure                                                             
Instrumentation                                                                      
Data Collection                                                                      
Data Analysis                                                                        
CHAPTER FOUR
Data Analysis and Discussion                                                        
CHAPTER FIVE
Summary, Conclusion and Recommendation                          
Summary                                                                                
Findings                                                                                 
Conclusion                                                                             
Recommendation                                                                    
References                                                                              
Appendix                                                                              
CHAPTER ONE
Introduction
Background to the study
Before the introduction of environmental sanitation programme, Major General Mohammed Buhari (Rtd) and Major General Tunde Idaagbo regime first of all introduce war Against indiscipline (WAI) which was launched in Lagos on 20th of March 1984. This was followed by the launching of the Ondo State Chapter in Akure on 13th April 1984 and that of Ado local Government Area on 21st June, 1984.
The programme of War Against indiscipline was left gave birth to the idea of WAI Brigade which is an Arm of National Consciousness and Enlightenment Committee in the execution of there duties.
WAI Brigade was expected to assist in the realization of National Consciousness and Enlightenment objective in this regard the Ondo State WAI Brigade was formally launched in the premises of the defunct Ondo State House of Assembly on 18th July 1988 by the military Governor many commodore MM Otiko.
21st October 1998, witnessed the passing out parade of WAI Brigade at Saint Peter’s College Akure under the chairmanship of the military Governor Nauy Capt O.M. Akingba History was therefore created in the local government area with the passing out parade of the WAI Brigade members after a period of two days training at the patriots who are expected to train in the vanguards and crusaders in their respective e institutions of learning department and towns and villages.
During the General Ibrahim Babangida’s regime in 1992 he included War Against corruption to the War Against Indiscipline (WAI) to be WAR AGAINST INDISCIPLINE AND CORRUPTION (WIC) WAI is now WAIC up to date.
War Against Indiscipline and Corruption (WAIC) which is backed up by the federal military.  Government decrease stated that on the last Saturday of every month everybody irrespective of his or her status should stay out home to keep the environment clean between 7:00am to 10:00am except workers an essential duties such as nurses, doctors, police, etc.
The foundation of environmental health rest squarely on the essential of existence of man’s need man’s use of air, water, feed, and shelter since sanitation is basic to community existence.  It is understandable that pionners in public health gave primary attention to cleanliness water supply, waste disposal and food.
Statement of the Problem
The problems of environmental planning range from lack of clarity of aim to inadequacy of fire and patriotic administration.
Also some people do not known that poor environment at sanitation is one of the major causes of communicable diseases that are rampant in our cities Bacteria can reproduce if environmental condition of an area is conducive for their living process.
But some people mainly the illiterates are not aware of the fact that, it is major causes of communicable diseases.
Again inadequacy of competent personnels to handle the issue of public health inspection is a consequency of the abortage of fund for the training and maintenance of the public health machinery in all man has always make use of his environment and changes it to serve in need.


Objectives of the study
          The main objective of this study is to examine the effects of environmental sanitation of urban centres a case study of Ado local Government specifically the study is out to
1)                Identify and examine the factors that are contributing to the unhealthy environment are contributing to the urban centres
2)                Identify and examine the roles of WAIG (WAI) agence in enforcing environmental sanitation ethics.
3)                Recommend possible solution to the problem facing environmental sanitation in Ado local Government area of Ekiti State.
Significance of the study
The aim of this study is to enrich the researcher’s knowledge and learning process and also to examine the effort of local and state Governments in the promotion of environmental sanitation, primary health care delivery system and maintaining equilibrium between the individual and the environment.
This study will therefore educately the masses on the danger of improper disposal of refuse and the different diseases associated with dirtiness and the effect of these diseases an our health the study also intends to offer useful suggestions on how to improve the methods of environmental sanitation and enhancing adequate and prompt public health delivery system.
The study Area
Ado local government was curved out of the defunct Ekiti central local Government Area by Major General Ibrahim Gbadamosi Babangida Administration in May 1989. The history of the two town now a local government dated back to a period before the advent of Ewi dynasty.  It grow into a town of rapate about 100 years age.
Since the lord lugard reform of 1966 Ado Ekiti, has been enjoying unique political position as a centre of Administration when it was made the headquarter Ado – Ekiti District council was create and started operation in that capacity since 1953.
The government of late General Muritala Mohammed recognize the prime position of Ado – Ekiti by making it the Headquarters of Ekiti central local Government in 1976.
The local government is bounded on the north west by Ifelodun local Government which cover an area of about 265km and the East West stretch is about 20m.
The landscape is dotted with rounded hiselberge and sleep ended hills of volcanic origin such as Ajoba hill rights in the front of the local government secretariat central to the region are gently undulating slopes which from the source of streams like Awo – Awodele Ajilosun etc.
In 1963 the population of Ado township was 157 – 519 but now has increases by 90% over a period of 40 years putting the annual average at 3% as at now, the local government is presumed to have a project population figure of 430, 990 and a population density of 2, 398 persons per square kilometer on October 1st 1986 General Sanni Abach created Ekiti State and Ado Ekiti was declared as the capital.
Research Question
1)                Is there significant difference between people living in rural environment and people loving urban area?
2)                Is there significant difference between sink toilet and pick toilet in rural area and urban area?
3)                Is there significant difference between the way people in rural area dispose their refuse and the way people in urban area are dispose their refuse?
4)                Is there significant difference between taken care of a toilet in rural area and that of urban area?
5)                Is there significant difference between pit toilet wasted and sik toilet in rural area and urban area and disposed?
6)                Is there significant difference of making environmental affective in rural area and urban area? State the paramentals?
7)                Is there significant difference between the incinerator in rural area and urban area?
8)                What are your belief about environmental sanitation in the rural and urban area.
9)                Are the health inspectors coming down to your area or locality? How many time per month?
10)           How do you take care of your post in rural and urban centres?


Definition of the Terms
Environmental refer to the naturally god given and man – made objects and feature of physical world that surround man.
Sanitation: The removal of waste of all kinds from the home and its environment it is the removal of waste or refuse products.
Physical Environmental: This is the sum total of all visible environmental conditions such as climate air etc.
Communicable: A disease which can be easily spread from one person to another.
Hazard: Danger within the environment where people living.
Evaculation: I – collection of refuse or waste product.
Refuse: This is waste materials e.g. kitchen waste.
Dust Bin: This is movable receptete with cover for dipsit of refuse.
Dumpt: Any place specified by the community for deposit of waste product.
Incinerator: A specially created machine approve for burning refuse.
Pollution: Spoiling of environments by making it impure for human health.
Epidemics: A disease which become wide spread in a particular place at a particular time.
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