IMPACT OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY ON THE WELL-BEING OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS



IMPACT OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY ON THE WELL-BEING OF  UNIVERSITY STUDENTS  

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Contents                                                              Pages
COVER PAGE
TITTLE
APPROVAL PAGE
CERTIFICATION
DEDICATION
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
CHAPTER I:  INTRODUCTION
Background of the study
Statement of the problem
Purpose of the study
Significance of the study
Scope of the study
Research questions
Hypotheses
CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Conceptual framework
Theoretical framework
Review of related empirical studies
(a)  concept of physical activity
(b) History of physical activity and its impact on the well-being of college and university students
(c)  Types of physical activities
(d) Theories of physical activity and quitting
(e)  Health effects of physical activity on individuals
(f)   Key factors that influence people’s health
(g)  An overview of physical fitness
(h) Physical fitness in relation to emotional wellness of students
(i)    Physical fitness in relation to mental wellness of students
(j)    Physical fitness in relation to social health of students
(k) Benefits of being emotionally and mentally healthy
(l)    Key factors that boost personal resilience
(m)  Causes of lack of participation in physical activity among tertiary institution students
(n) Steps to promote and maintain physical, mental, emotional and social health among tertiary institution students.
Summary of literature review

CHAPTER III- METHODOLOGY
Research design
Area of the study
Population of the study
Sample and sampling technique(s)
Instrument foe data collection
Validity of the instrument
Reliability of the instrument
Administration of the instrument
Data analysis techniques

REFERENCES 
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
Background to the Study
Physical activities is the body movement produced by skeletal muscles that requires energy expenditure, it is any body movement that works your muscles and requires more energy than resisting, walking, running, dancing, swimming, yoga, and gardening. Also, physical education programme will provide students with physical activity, opportunities both in and out of school through a differentiated programme that fosters a lifetime commitment to physical activity as part of a healthy lifestyle. Physical activity is the daily life exercise that can be categorized into occupation, sports, conditioning, household, or other activities. Exercise is a subset of physical activity that is planned, structured, and repetitive and has a final and intermediate objective to improve or maintain physical fitness.
        Physical activity is defined as any bodily movement produced by skeletal muscles that result into energy expenditure (Montoye, 2011). The amount of energy required to accomplish an activity can be measured in kilojoules (KJ) or kilocalories (Kcal).There are categories of physical activities; those are of light, moderate, or heavy intensity, those that are moderate or compulsory, or those that are weekday or weekend activities e.g. Morning exercise called practicum common among College and University students of Ikere department of Physical and Health Education. 
           Well Being? This simply means ability to perform physical activities without any illness or diseases such as headache, stomach and so on. Wellbeing is also the state of being physically, mentally, emotionally and socially balance.
       Well being refers to diverse and interconnected dimensions of physical, mental and social well being that extend beyond the traditional definition of health, it includes choice and activities aimed at achieving physical vitality, mental alacrity, social satisfaction, a sense of accomplishment and personal fulfilment (Dishman 2012). Wellbeing according to David (2014) is the experiencing good feelings, in both body and mind.   
            The numerous advantages of participating in physical activities (Exercise) are: increased efficiency of heart beat and lungs, increase muscle strength and endurance, maintenance of body weight, and reduction in the risk of coronary heart diseases. The study was conducted to ascertain student knowledge on effect of physical activities on their health as well as their level of participating in physical activities for the purpose of achieving optimum level of healthiness. Numerous study revealed that physical activity/exercise is one of the health promoting exercise among several factors (Ntui, 2000,Insel &Roth, 2004& Ajala 2005).Sedentary or inactive life is a slow poison to then skeletal, cardiac and visceral muscles which thrive in activity in general(Ntui, 2000). Any muscle according to Ntui (2000), which is not exercised, atrophic. This view is supported by Bullock (1992) who stated that lack of muscle use results in atrophy. Ajala (2005) also posited that the following health problems were either linked with or made worse by getting too little exercise: Overweight, feeling tired all the time, shortness of breath, stomach upsets, headache, backache, weak muscles, high blood pressure  accelerated  aging, heart diseases, injuries to muscle, ligaments , tendons, injuries and pains in bones. The author further states that the connection between this gloomy list of health problems and lack of exercise is simple. The body is like a finely tuned, complicated machine. If cared for, the different parts keep working well. If neglected, those parts get creaky and rusty. They break or get injured more easily. Therefore, it is obvious, that exercise participation whether for competitive, recreation, fitness rehabilitative purposes are in consonance with health promotion and wellness goals of the present millennium. Benefits of physical activity are well documented in literature (Mcglynn,1997, Ntui, 2000, Kozier etal,2004, & Ajala, 2005). The benefits of physical activity as revealed by a study of students in a large Midwestern university of which 77% participants exercised and their reasons were health, maintenance of fitness, stress reduction, enjoyment and feeling good (Katrina, 2008).
          According to center for Diseases control (CDC), (1997) International consensus conference on physical activity guidelines for students recommends that ‘’ all students must b e physically active daily or nearly everyday, as part of sports, games, work, transportation, recreation, physical education or planned exerciser in the context of family, school and community activity. Further more, ‘  students should engage in three or more section per week of activities that last for 30 minutes or more at a time and that require moderate vigorous levels of exertion”(Sallis & Parick, 1994). Despite the benefits, research still indicates that participation in physical activities is low, moreover, CDC (1996) noted that although students are more physically active than adults, many young people do not engage in moderate or  vigorous activity at least 3days in a week.      
          University students in Nigeria find themselves in a precious situation where regular physical activity is not built into the academic programme. Inactive lifestyle has become a threat to several students. This is because university students are faced with long hours of cogitation listening to lectures, reading in libraries and browsing on computers. Moreover, emphasis is placed on producing   sport talented groups who can win laurels for the institution not only in Nigeria but elsewhere (Okunbor & Agubuike, 2007). There are serious concern raised by several international bodies, World Health Organisation (WHO),united Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural.(UNESCO), Line of Control (LOC), Centrs for Disease Control and prevention(CDC) and others) on insufficient amount of appropriate physical and wellness activities (WHO, 2000; Okunbon & Agubuike, 2007). The level of participation of such students is not always governed by choice but often by unequal access to opportunities. The importance of exercise or physical activity in maintaining physical, psychological and social health cannot be overemphasis. Students need to be knowledgeable and also participate in exercise to derive the known benefits. 
Statement of the problem
The purpose of this review is to provide likely problems which serves as hindrance for students of College of Education and University of Nigeria Nsukka students in Ikere from participating in physical activities.
This is as a result of lack of understanding the benefits embedded in participating in physical activities like: easy circulation of blood to various parts of the body especially the brain, heart and others, prevention of diseases from spreading from one person to another, diseases like cancer, measles, heart diseases, stroke and typed 2 diabetes. Promote physical vitality, mental alacrity, social satisfaction, a sense of accomplishment and personal fulfilment. Increase efficiency of heartbeat and lungs, increase muscle strength and endurance, reduction of coronary heart diseases and maintenance of body posture and weight.
Nonchalant attitude of students towards the participation of physical activities rather they prefer to engage themselves in social activities like paying visit to seminars house, club and other ceremonies and party, watching films, chatting like what sup, twitter and face book. This are what takes away their time and energy.
Health problem of individual also determines their ability to involve in the participation of physical activities, health problem like: heart born, asthma,sickle cell and many more. 
Purpose of the study
The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of physical activities on the well being of College of Education and University of Nigeria Nsukka students in Ikere Local Government Area of Ekiti State.
Specifically the objectives of the study are:
1.     to find out if physical activities have any impact on the physical fitness of college and university students in Ikere.
2.     to investigate if participating in physical activities have impact on the emotional wellness of students of college and university .
3.     to verify whether participating in physical activities have impact on the social life of college and university students of Ikere
4.     to investigate if involving in physical exercise have impact on the mental wellness of college and university students of Ikere.
Significance of the study
This research work will help to enlighten the students of college and university in Ikere on the benefits of physical activities on their well being, thereby producing a change in behaviour. It is also hoped that the findings of this study if published in newspaper and journals, it will give curriculum planners adequate direction as to the health topics. This needs to be specially emphasized in the health education curriculum. Also, parents and teachers in schools can benefit through seminar on the participation in physical activities such as judging round the field, walking round the school compound for about three (3) to four (4) time daily. This study as well will be useful to community members and secondary school students: such as development of body posture, brain capacity, reduce obesity among students and the community people.
       This study as well will be useful to community members either literate or illiterate, young and old, mature or immature as a whole by broadening their horizon. If the result is published, the way of ensuring the benefit from parents, teachers, students, workers and illiterate which will make them to be able to develop interest in participating in physical activities which will help them to perform better in the area of studies, occupation e. g excellence academic performance, farming, business men and women, civil servant and every individual in the community. It also helps the researchers to have more knowledge about the impact of physical activities on the well-being of institution students with influence.
The scope of the study
The study investigates the impact of physical activities on the well-being of College of Education and University of Nigeria Nsukka students in Ikere Local Government Area of Ekiti State.
This study covers College of Education and University of Nigeria Nsuka in Ikere in line with College of Education Ikere Local Government Area of Ekiti State. The above named students was used as respondents, self-developed structured questionnaire was used as instrument for data collection. The research involves the independent variable of physical activities and the dependent variable of wellness of College of Education and University of Nigeria Nsukka students in Ikere which include: physical fitness, emotional wellness, social life and mental wellness. The analysis of data was done by using descriptive statistics of frequency counts, and percentage to analyse demographic data and inferential statistics of chi-square (x2) will be used to analyse the hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. 
Research questions
The study seeks to answer the following questions:
1.     Does physical activities have any impact on the physical fitness of College of Education and University of Nigeria Nsukka students in Ikere Local Government Area of Ekiti State?
2.     Does participating in physical activities have any impact on the emotional wellness of College of Education and University of Nigeria Nsukka students of Ikere Local Government Area of Ekiti State?
3.     Does physical activities have impact on the social life of College of Education and University of Nigeria Nsukka students of Ikere Local Government Area of Ekiti State?
4.     Does physical activities have impact on the mental wellness of College of Education and University of Nigeria Nsukka students of Ikere Local Government Area of Ekiti State?  
Hypotheses
The following hypotheses were formulated for the purpose of this study:     
1.     Physical activities does not have any significant impact on the physical fitness of College of Education and university students of Ikere Local Government Area of Ekiti State.
2.     Participating in physical activities does not have any significant impact on the emotional wellness of College of Education and university students of Ikere Local Government Area of Ekiti State.
3.     Physical activities does not have any significant impact on the social life of College of Education and university students of Ikere Local Government Area of State.
4.     Physical activities does not have any significant impact on the mental wellness of College of Education  and university students of Ikere Local Government Area of Ekiti State.
CHAPTER II:
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
The review of literature was done under the following subheading
Conceptual framework
Theoretical framework
Review of related empirical studies
(a)  concept of physical activities
(b) History of physical activities and its impact on the well-being of College of Education and University of Nigeria Nsukka students in Ikere.
(c)  Types of physical activities
(d) Theories of physical activities and quitting
(e)  Health effects of physical activities on individuals
(f)   Key factors that influence people’s health
(g)  An overview of physical fitness
(h) Physical fitness in relation to emotional wellness of students
(i)    Physical fitness in relation to mental wellness of students
(j)    Physical fitness in relation to social health of students
(k) Benefits of being emotionally and mentally healthy
(l)    Key factors that boost personal resilience
(m)  Causes of lack of participation in physical activities among tertiary institution students
(n) Steps to promote and maintain physical, mental, emotional and social health among tertiary institution students.
Summary of literature review







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