ASSESSMENT OF IMPACT OF INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS ON STUDENTS PERFORMANCE IN SOME SELECTED SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN IFEDORE LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF ONDO STATE



 ASSESSMENT OF IMPACT OF INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS ON STUDENTS PERFORMANCE IN  SOME SELECTED SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN  IFEDORE LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF  ONDO STATE

ABSTRACT
          The study investigated the assessment of impact of instructional materials on students’ performance in selected secondary schools in Ifedore Local Government Area of Ondo State. These research questions were reviewed and answered. The research design is descriptive survey. The population of the study was 100 students from secondary schools. The instrument used was questionnaire. Data was analyzed using simple percentage. The result showed that schools are not frequently make used of instructional materials, The extents of usage of these instructional materials are very poor. It was recommends that teachers should endeavor to improve on their method of teaching, adequate use of instructional materials in the lesson, stimulating the students’ interest towards accounting education. Also, the monitoring of teaching activities in the class should be the concern of all stake holders in education in order to curb poor teaching methods.

 
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title                                                                                                   Page No
Title page                                                                                                      
Certification                                                                                                 
Dedication                                                                                                    
Acknowledgement                                                                                     
Abstract                                                                                                        
Table of contents                                                                                       
CHAPTER ONE: Introduction
Background of the Study                                                                          
Statement of the Problem                                                                           
Purpose of the Study                                                                                  
Significance of the Study                                                                           
Scope of the Study                                                                                      
Research Question                                                                                      
Definition of Terms                                                                                    
CHAPTER TWO: Review Literature Review
Introduction                                                                                                
The Concept of Instructional Materials                                                   
Needs for Improvised Instructional Materials                                        
Challenges of Instructional Materials in Schools                                              
Strategies for Effective Use in Instructional Materials                         
Advantage of Using Local Available Teaching Response                    
The Role of the Teacher in Effective Teaching                                       
Method Used in Teaching / Learning Process                                        
Characteristics of Instructional Materials                                                           
Summary of the Literature Reviewed                                                      
CHAPTER THREE: Research Methodology
Research Design                                                                                          
Population of the Study                                                                             
Sample and Sampling Technique                                                              
Research Instrument                                                                                               
Validity of Instrument                                                                                
Reliability of the Instrument                                                                     
Procedure for Data Collection                                                                  
Method of Data Analysis                                                                           
CHAPTER FOUR: Presentation and Analysis of Data
Results                                                                                                          
Discussion of the Findings                                                                        
CHAPTER FIVE: Summary, Conclusion and Recommendations
Summary                                                                                                      
Conclusion                                                                                                   
Recommendations                                                                                      
REFERENCES                   
APPENDIX 

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CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Background of the Study
            Learning resources are the instructional tools ranging from elementary improvised device to highly complex and sophisticated machines especially needs and other printed materials, charts, pictures displaying models, community resources as well as audio visual aids and equipment’s. Farrant, (1995).
            Ajakaye (1998), defined instructional materials as the process of providing of constructing adequate and necessary learning resources for effective teaching in the school. The purpose of teaching is to facilitate positive changes in behaviour. The best way by which pupils could be assisted to learn effectively is to make the teaching learning process a pleasurable activity through the use of appropriate learning resources.
            Alarapa (1999) defined organization of learning resources as the judicious arrangement of learning process to achieve the desired goals and objectives. Adeboye and Afolabi (2002) assert that assessment of learning resources is a crucial issues which must be carefully examined by the teachers depending on the form of learning resources, the teacher must determine whether such resources will be used on individual or group basis. Since poorly organized learning resources can cause disorderliness in the classroom, the teacher must organize the resources in such a way that it will enhance optimum learning. The level of instructional materials in Nigeria are lagging behind, particularly in Ifedore local government area of Ondo State. In many
schools, learning resources are not available at all; in areas where some exist they are poorly utilized. This investigation will therefore look into the best way of assessing the impact of instructional materials on students’ academic performance in secondary schools.
The use of instructional materials in teaching and learning plays very important roles in education all over the world. According to Tamakloe, Amedahe and Atta (2005), a teaching resource is “a material which a teacher uses to facilitate the learning, understanding and acquisition of knowledge, concepts, principles or skills by his students”. Instructional resources in education are the use of equipment and materials that are relevant to motivate, inform, instruct, and present the subject matter to the learner as well as making learning easier than it would have been without it. The use of instructional resources can adapt to the ability and preferences of individual students and increase the amount of personalised instructions students receive. Many students benefit from the immediate responsiveness of the interactions with instructional materials and appreciate self-paced and private learning environment. Moreover, the use of the instructional resources often engages the interest of students, motivating them to learn and increasing their independence and personal responsibility. Although it is difficult to assess the effectiveness of the use of instructional resources, some studies have reported that the use of instructional resources is successful in raising examination scores, improving students’ performance, attitude and lowering the amount of the time required to master certain materials Kurland, (2008).
Eshief {2008} observed that instructional materials constitute the longest materials and activity base on teaching and learning process. This stems from the relevance of some aspect of business in which environmental problems and human challenges (health, food housing flood, space, earthquakes etc.) are solved. The school environment becomes a learning system providing available information on human success and material which can be depends in promoting learning.
The environment is perhaps the largest classroom and laboratory ever imagined. If knowledge is acquired in school and is not used for the betterment of the environment in which the school is located, then the knowledge has not served its purpose, education in particular should be geared towards improving the quality of life of the nation.
Ikeobi {2008} painted the picture correctly when he affirmed that quality of life a nation depends on the quality of the available food and drinking water. It also depends on whether or not services like qualitative education health and transportation and communication system which are available and accessible to all citizens. In attempting, it is necessary first and for most to create awareness among the relevant parties that this can actually be done. The concept of environment begins from home when the child grows and extends in circle of every increasing complicity of the playground, the City Street, parks, grocery stones and factories up to naturally occurring situation in the classrooms
Abduilahi, {2008} noted that the learners are therefore constantly coming into contact with activities the performance and phenomena surrounding most of which are unexplained.
Michael {2008} noted that the use of instructional material as a learning system, the teacher has to carry out a careful identification and selection of local resource that has relevance to the approve curriculum and use them for teaching.
Statement of the Problem
Teachings over the years have been faced with various problems ranging from the absence of instructional materials that are relevant in the class to teacher factors. Therefore, one can say that lack of instructional resources in school affects students’ performance, interest and attitudes of students towards learning. This forms the premise on which this study is undertaken, to accessing the impact of instructional materials on students’ performance in secondary schools.
Purpose of the Study
The purpose for carrying out this study was to assessing the impact of instructional materials on students’ performance in our schools, therefore the specific objectives of these studies are to:
1.                  examines the significance of teaching aids on student’s academic performance.
2.                  to determine the creative nature of teachers in improving materials in order to enhance teaching and learning situation.
3.                  examine the lack of instructional materials that is affecting the student’s academic performance.
Significance of the Study
The significant of this study will make teachers to be aware of the importance of instructional materials not only to the state of approach but also the immense potentials interest in the use of instructional resources on the teaching aspects.
The findings will also provide information to the government of Ondo State on the way and means of enhancing better relationship between the teachers and the students, the researcher result will furnish educators such as teachers and administrators with more reliable information on the availability of instructional materials in the teaching and learning of mere meaningful relevant and functional.
Scope of the Study
The study focused on the assessment of impact of instructional materials on students’ performance in some selected secondary schools in Ifedore local government area of Ondo state.
Owing to the time limit and financial constraints this study was narrowed down to secondary schools in this area alone.
Research Questions
The following research questions were generated for the study.
1.                  What are the impacts of using teaching aids in education system?
2.                  Are the schools under the research area well equipped with instructional materials?
3.                   Can instructional materials influence student’s academic performance?
4.                  What are effects of non-usage of instructional materials in the teaching?
Definition of Terms
The following terms are defined as it specifically alpines to the study.
1.                  Improvisation: - can be defined as providing a substitute through innovation and production in the absence of the real things.
2.                  Instructional: - materials is a communication medial that information between the instruction and the learner with the internets of facilitating learning.
3.                  Curriculum: - curriculum is bodies of value co-oriented learning contents existing as a reading discover or in the mind of the teachers taught when give out as instruction result in change in pupil’s behaviors.
4.                  Teaching:- teaching is the conscious and deliberate efforts or matured or experienced person impact information and knowledge and experienced person with the intention that the later will learn or come to believe on whether he is being taught on ground.
5.                  Syllabus:- Syllabus is a context outline or statement of the main point of a course of study spring up from the board of curriculum of the school.
6.                  Learning:- Learning is a change of modification in behavior of organization as a result of experience or reaction to stimulus in this environment.
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