EXAMINATION MALPRACTICES AND STUDENTS’ ATTITUDE TO LEARNING



EXAMINATION MALPRACTICES AND STUDENTS’ ATTITUDE TO LEARNING
ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study is to investigate the causes, effects of examination malpractices on students attitude to learning in our education system in Nigeria. The study also examine the problem and solution to examination malpractice as an issue that has become a menace to the education system in Nigeria.
          A descriptive survey research design was adopted in the study. The instrument used is a structured questionnaire which were distributed to the teachers and students selected from five (5) randomly selected public secondary schools. Simple random   technique was adopted to select ten (10) teachers and fourteen (14) students from the five (5) schools to make the sample one hundred and twenty.
          Data collected were analysed using frequency counts and percentage score to answer all the research questions raised for the study. However, the findings of the study were summarized as follows;
          High cost of books, shortage of equipment lack of qualified teachers, shortage of textbook, lack of teachers motivation and the desire of students to succeed at all cost are some of the causes of examination malpractice. Agent, within the school such as teachers and other staff, also parents contribute to examination malpractices in schools. Hiding of question papers and smuggling of it by the examination officials, hiring of examiners by students and their parents also contribute to the issue of examination malpractices in school.
          Based on the findings of the study, the following recommendation were made; Government should provide adequate equipment for school laboratories, libraries, good teacher and textbooks to assist the students in learning. The school communities should be encouraged not to participate in examination malpractices. Also principals of secondary schools should resist efforts by the community pressure for allowing machines in the examination halls. Teaching of moral standard, moral teaching and establishment of guidance and counseling units in school as well as efficient conduct of examination in school will help at reducing examination malpractices in secondary schools.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
                                                                                             Page
Title                                                                                         
Certification                                                                          
Dedication                                                                             
Acknowledgements                                                               
Abstract                                                                                 
Table of Contents                                                                           
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
1.1     Background of the Study                                                       
1.2     Statement of the Problem                                             
1.3     Purpose of the Study                                                    
1.4     Research Questions.                                                    
1.5     Significance of the Study                                                       
1.7.    Delimitation of the Study                                                       
1.8     Definition of Terms                                                    
CHAPTER TWO:
2.1     Review of Related Literature                                      

CHAPTER THREE
3.1     Research Method                                                         
3.2     Research Design                                                        
3.3     Population of the Study                                                
3.4     Sample and Sampling Techniques                                
3.5     Research Instrument                                                     
3.6     Validity of the Instrument                                            
3.7     Reliability of the Instrument                                        
3.8     Administration of the Instrument                                          
3.9     Data Analysis                                                             
CHAPTER FOUR
4.1     Result and Discussions                                                 
CHAPTER FIVE
5.1  Summary, Conclusion and Recommendations                        
5.2     Summary                                                                      
5.2     Conclusion                                                                    
5.3     Recommendations                                                                        
References                                                                   
       Questionnaire                                                                



CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1     Background of the Study
          There is hardly any issue in education that has generated a more serious discussion and raised more concern in Nigeria today than the issue of examination malpractice in our public and private schools. This is because apart from its frequent and increasing occurrences, examination malpractices has eaten deeply like cancer worm into the fabrics of the nation’s educational system.
          Examination malpractices have become a pollutant which is having a serious depilating effect on assessment of curriculum objectives. Some people see the increasing rate of examination malpractices as a sign of gradual decay of our educational system, Infact the behaviour of candidates toward examination and their eventual performances could be a rational based on which to assess the standard of education in any society. No wonder why examination has become a topical issue and has promoted the government in enacting laws to impose punishment on culprits.
          Examination malpractices have consistently remainded a bane of Nigerian educational system. most foreigners say that the academic certificates being issued to graduates in Nigeria are no more valuable than the pieces of paper on which they are printed. Examination malpractice is a cankerworm that portends grave dangers for the nation.
          Passing examination to secure certificates is to many people the main goal of going to school rather than acquiring useful knowledge   with which to cope with the demand of modern life. Hence , passing examination has become a thing of “life and death struggle”. This attitude of an average Nigeria has made some people to doubt the validity and authentication of certificate issued to candidate at all levels of education.
          The societies also get affected and destroy it. The menace of examination malpractices if not checked, will bring about social disturbance and people being employed for jobs which they do not have the knowledge and qualification for it.
          The apparent consequences of persistent checking behaviour calls for action which will help to determine the factors that predispose people to cheating. The academic cheating among the students is universal. It is then imperative to study the problem and suggest likely solutions. It is assurance that the future of any nation depends largely on the youth of the society. It would appear thus that this monster has been growing each day and becoming uncomfortably because people are apparently ignorant of the consequences.
          Although, the unwholesome tend have since engaged the attention and the condemnation of concern citizens who feel disturbed about the unsavory effect of examination of examination malpractices on the continuing dependable condition of the nation educational system and development.
          Examination malpractices has now become a vicious circle and once student get involved and go through undetected, they easily become addicted and therefore tread this critical path” as a means of attaining academic success from secondary to the tertiary levels.
          Hence, this study was therefore designed to investigate the causes and effects of examination malpractices and possible solutions to it, in our education system.

1.2     Statement of the Problem
          The information from the background explained that examination malpractice is an illegal behaviour by a candidate before, during or after the examination so that he/she can attain success easily and cheaply. Hence, the worth of the examination is violated.
          Examination malpractice are now a regular phenomena in secondary schools. These are examination leakages, irregularities and cheating during class test, at the end of the term or during final examination.
          Therefore, there is need to investigate into the issue of examination malpractices in order to let people known the effect of it, to our education system and to our society at whole.
1.3     Purpose of the Study
          The purpose of this study is to investigate the causes, effect of examination malpractices on students’ attitude to learning in our education system in Nigeria.
          The study will also examine the problem and suggest likely solution to examination malpractices as an issue that has become a menace to the education system in Nigeria.
1.4     Research Questions.
          In order to investigate the issue of examination malpractice in our education system, the following research questions are raised for the study.
1.                 What are the causes of examination malpractice in out education system?
2.                 What are the roles being played by parents in encourage examination malpractice?
3.                 What are the contributions of the examiners in encourage examination malpractices in our education system?
4.                 What are the effects of examination malpractice on the students learning attitude?
5.                 What are the possible ways to curb examination malpractices in our education system?
1.5     Significance of the Study
          The results, findings and other outcome of this study is expected to contribute to the appropriate methods of combating examination malpractices which in effect is damaging the recast of the education system.
          Also, the study will alert the society, the parents and guardians on social decadence that examination malpractices brings to our society and the certificates being issued by our education system.
          It also believe that this investigation will assist the government particularly the education ministry to see the reason why they should motivate teachers to work and stocked our education system with material resources in order to curb the issue of examination malpractices in the secondary schools. To crate awareness also the part of  parents to inculcate right attitude into their children.
1.7.    Delimitation of the Study
          This study will be limited to some selected secondary schools in Ado – Ekiti Local Area of Ekiti State, even through the problem is nationwide and even in all levels of our education system. the researcher will have achieved much information if all local government Areas were studies and even all states in Nigeria.

1.8     Definition of Terms
          The following were operationally defined for the sole purpose of this study
EXAMINATION: This is the process of sitting for a formal written, spoken or practical test, especially at school or college, to see how much someone at school or college, to see how someone know about a subject or what he/she can do
MALPRACTICES: This is the careless, wrong or illegal behaviour while in an examination or in a professional job.
ATTITUDE: This can be defined as a way of feeling thinking or behaving. It can also be a way of thinking or acting.
LEANING: This can be defined as a way by which knowledge can be gained by someone.

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