IMPACT OF COMPUTER BASED LEARNING IN TEACHING AND LEARNING OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE

IMPACT OF COMPUTER BASED LEARNING IN TEACHING AND LEARNING OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

English language has become one of the most important Languages in the world. It is widely used in all areas of human endeavour, nationally and internationally. The global use of English Language is found in television programmes and in the internet. There are more websites made in English than in other language. Realizing the importance of English, many people have taken it as a second Language. Since English speaking countries are very important part of global economy and its advancement, other political and country leaders must either learn English or find someone who understands English to interpret for them. Therefore, politics is one arena where English is important. The English Language according to Obanya, (1982) fills a huge communication gap. It helps to facilitate contact between Nigerians of diverse Language groups. The English language is the first Language on the school curriculum; hence it is regarded as a core subject. A credit in the English Language is considered compulsory for the award of many of the country’s certificates. According to Ahmed (1999) the English Language is an indispensable Language of communication in Nigeria at both personal, national and international levels.

However, the teaching of English Language is associated with a lot of problems.

It takes a long time to learn a new grammar system and thousands of new words. It also takes a lot of practice to develop listening, speaking, reading and writing skills in a new Language. English Language is taught everyday in schools time table and students’ performances at the examinations are still not satisfactory, Ahmed (1999).
The National Policy on Education (NPE) (2004), in Nigeria emphasizes that children should be properly taught. The policy is also of the opinion that teaching and learning in Nigeria should lead to students’ acquisition of skills and competencies geared towards solving their problems and that of the society.
The situation of general poor performance in English Language spreads through all levels of Nigeria’s educational ladder including primary, secondary and post-primary institutions (Keston 1999). In the view of Osunde and Ogiegbaen in the West African Examination Council Chief Examiner’s Report (2005), student’s poor performance in English Language is a long standing one. Annual reports from the West African Examination Councils (WAEC) (2005) reveal woeful performances from students who have made enrolment for the English Language examination a yearly ritual. It is worrisome to note that the performance of these students have continued to deteriorate year after year in English Language despite all stake holder’s effort. The West African Examination Councils (WAEC) reports reveal that most candidates who take the Senior School Certificate Examination (SSCE) lack foundation in English grammar and usage. This implies that they are not well taught by their teachers.


The situation is pathetic, as a lot of factors may be responsible for the poor performance in the English Language examinations. One of these factors is the traditional content /knowledge oriented curriculum, which is still very much practised today. Teachers seem to have clung fast to the old fashioned ways and have refused to embrace the new trend of the total curriculum experience of the modern teacher. A modern teacher is a teacher who has seen the need to incorporate Computer based learning  material in teaching and learning process. Onwuka, (1988) had criticizes the content /knowledge –oriented curriculum like the one practiced by the teachers of the English Language. Such curriculum does not go beyond merely imparting knowledge to the students. Teachers have to go by the
new technology, that is the use of computer in teaching and learning for a better performance.

A computer is an electronic device that accepts and stores input data and process the data and produces outputs as a result of step by step set instructions. Woherem,(2004) asserts that computers are marked by accuracy of results, speed in operation and versatility in operations; it has found application in all areas of life. However, the slow pace of both computer acquisition and literacy is having profound negative effect in secondary schools and other organizations. According to Anigbogu (2002), the word computer is a house hold name in modern technology in the developed countries in the world, but in Nigeria, the technology is still sounding strange to many people. According to Mccormick (1993) computers can be
used  to diversify, develop and improve the pedagogical relation of teaching and learning.

The computer is a technological innovation under the control of stored programme that can perform some of the intellectual role of man even beyond man capability, (Bada et al 2009). Reith (1993) defines computer as an electronic device which stores information on disc or magnetic tape; analyses it and produces information as required from the data on the tape. Adekomi (2001) defines computer as a combination of related devices capable of solving problems by accepting data, performing described operations on a data, and supplying the results of these operations.
Computers, irrespective of type and size have five basic parts namely, input unit, memory units, Control Units (CU) Arithmetic and Logic Units (ALU) and output units. Both ALU and CU are joined into one piece of hardware known as the Central Processing Unit (CPU) which is the brain of the computer. According to Adekomi (2001), the primary functions of computers are inputting and storing information, processing information and outputting information. Innovations appearing today indicate that the world is dependent on computer technology (Ajibade, 2006) computer is a great learning tool for both young and old. According to Baugher (1999). In Language, a computer can present words to be spelt, sound to be made, instructions to be followed.
Computer can be used to evaluate students’ performance and direct students backward, forward, and sideways for appropriate learning activities, (Bada, 2009). Other potentials of computer in instruction identified by Abimbade (1997) are as follow:

·       Computer helps students to learn at their own pace.

·       It produces significant time saving over conventional classroom instruction.

·       It allows student’s control over the rate and sequence of their learning.

·       It gives appropriate feedback.

·       It promotes individualized instructions.

·       It provides a more positive affective climate especially for slower learners.

·       It provides appropriate record-keeping and thereby monitors student’s progress.

·       It gives more information to teachers.

·       It motivates students.

The success of the integration of computer into the teaching and learning of English

Language depends mostly on the level of awareness by the teachers and the actual utilization of computer in the classroom. The use of computer in teaching and learning is important. Therefore, the awareness and usage of computer by teachers of English Language right from secondary school become necessary, (Fakeye 2010).
Most researches by experts reveal lack of computers for use in schools. English Language being a core subject, will need adequate availability of computers for all teachers and students, hence the awareness of computer usage to teachers and its availability is very important. Several strategies have been proposed and adopted over the years which have helped in one way or the other but have not led to improved performances of students in English Language. (Fakeye, 2010) went further to report that the availability of computer and its connectivity to the internet tend to non-existence in virtually all the schools. The level of use of computer for teaching depends on the availability of computer. Anigbogu (2003 opines that not being aware of what computer can do limits teacher’s ability to desire the use of computers even when they have serious problems beyond the competence of conventional technologies. Bluhim (1987) opines that educational administrators were scarcely aware of the use of the technology as a tool for decision-making. Training is needed if the potential impact of ICT in educational organizations is to be realized.

Therefore, the benefits of computer can only be enjoyed by a computer literate population, that is, teachers, students and the public. In a bid to achieve this, the federal government made computer education one of the subjects to be offered in both junior and senior secondary schools (Federal Republic of Nigeria, 1998). Moreover, in May 2000, the minister of science and technology introduced Fit it -yourself (FIY) computer assembly kits to be used in both secondary schools and tertiary institutions (Ayeoyenikan, 2000). Since its introduction, there have been relatively few studies on the level of teacher awareness and extent of utilization of teachers and computer use.
Computer awareness refers to the ways in which computers may have an impact on education. Computer awareness programmes familiarizes the students/ teachers with  computer technology and the basic principles on which computer works including some
elementary basic programming (Yusuf, 1998).

There is need to examine teachers’ awareness of the extent of utilization of computer such as in instructional delivery process (e.g the use of computer –assistant language learning). In modernized world, almost every aspect of people’s life is affected in some ways by computer. The development of Information Technology (IT) has spread through the application of computers in learning process, which is generally known as Computer Assisted Learning (CAL). A computer is used for the sake of facilitating people in learning, such as learning language. Computer is only a tool and a medium. Hence, its ability to perform is dependent on the users. In this case, the computer is an intermediary, it is merely a part of the entire learning process, (Hartoyo, 2008).
Computer based learning  (CBL) is an approach to   Language

teaching and learning in which computer technology is used as an aid for presentation, reinforcement and assessment of material to be learned, usually including substantial interactive elements.
Computer based learning  (CBL) studies the role and the use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in second language learning and teaching. Computer based learning  (CBL) programme presents a stimulus to which the learner must respond. The stimulus may be presented in any combination of text, still lineages, sound and motion video. The learner responds by typing at the keyboard, pointing and clicking with the mouse, or speaking into a microphone. The computer offers a feedback, indicating whether the learner’s response is right or wrong, and in the more sophisticated CBL programme, attempting to analyze the learner’s response and to pinpoint errors.
For many years, foreign language teachers have used the computer to provide supplementary exercise. In recent years, advances in computer technology have motivated teachers to reassess the computer and consider it a valuable part of daily foreign language learning. Interactivity is a crucial strength of the new technology. The computer is interactive by virtue of the fact that the user can gain control over learning and therefore becomes an active participant in learning process. Interactivity also allows the instant feedback from the computer. The interactivity of computer makes it especially suited for implementing learner- centred teaching method. Warschauer (1998) asserts that computer makes any information needed widely and easily available irrespective of distance, computer is indeed a motivator to teaching and learning. However, this current study is interested in finding out the  effect of Computer based learning on students academic performance in junior secondary schools students  in English language
The use of computer is predicted to the motive intentions to use them. These motive intentions will be influence by the beliefs of the users about the usefulness and ease of use. (Ajzen, 1988). According to (Davis, 1989) asserts that teachers behaviour use or reject computer is determined by his intention to perform such behaviour i.e negative or positive subjective norms. This implies perceived social pressures from parents, educational reforms, and students. The presence of motivated teachers having a positive attitude towards the
consequences or outcomes of computer use, results in a higher rate of usage.


However, there are teachers who are still using the traditional method of teaching which is basically teacher centered. Students are passive listeners while the teachers actively do the talking alone in traditional method. The learners are undoubtedly cheated because they are expected to be involved in the teaching and learning process which is lacking in the
traditional teaching method.

The student, who actually wants to learn English language, needs to take charge of his/her own language learning instead of just passively listening to the teacher. The student must be able to carry out a plan for developing the language skills whether the teacher is there or not. This can be done more effectively through the use of computer which assists learning
with ease. In the digital era, the development in  various aspects of computer technology has

gone beyond imagination and expectation. Computer has a lot of application in the field of education; it is useful in the teaching and learning processes. Computer literacy is very much needed for teachers as well as learners. Computer improves both teaching and students’ valuable connections with teachers, other schools and a wide network of professionals around the globe . Creating computer awareness for teachers is essential. The availability and utilization of computers in schools is another important factor to consider if there must be any meaningful benefit in the use of computer to teach.


Statement of the Problem

In this contemporary age where the society has gone digital and computerized, it is surprising that teachers still use the traditional method of teaching the English language in most secondary schools. This method is the type that the teacher actively do the talking alone with the chalkboard and the students passively listen whether learning is talking place or not. There has been consistent decline in students performance in the Senior School Certificate Examination (SSCE) and West African Examination Councils (WAEC) probably because of the methods teachers use in the teaching of the English language.
In this information age, computer has made a triumphant entry into education in the past decade, it has brought significant benefits to teachers and students alike. The search for an appropriate teaching of the English language has been on for many years and computer has been proven very useful in this regard.
The use of computer for better teaching remains impeccable. The English language teachers are teaching everyday as stipulated on the school time- table. At –times students are being engaged in Extra –Mural Classes, yet the performance of students in the English language remains poor. The situation in Jaligo metropols seems the same.
There has been a world –wide demand for a re-orientation of teaching and learning towards greater use of ICT facilities. The successes of such demand, however, depends largely on the level of awareness of computer use by English language teachers, computer availability and its actual use in classroom instructions.
The problem of this study, therefore, is to find out how the inclusion of Computer based learning  materials could influence positively the teaching and learning of English language in secondary schools in -----------------metropolis.

Research Questions

The following research questions directed this study

1.     Does  Computer based learning have effect of  students academic performance in English?
2.     To what extent are computers available for use in the teaching of the English language?
3.     What is the extent of awareness of teachers on the use of computer in teaching English as a second languages?
4.     How competent are English language teachers in computer software for teaching?

Purpose of the study

The purpose of this study is to find out the effect of Computer based learning on students academic performance in English language
       The study specifically seeks to
1)    The effect of Computer based learning on students academic performance
2)    Examine the extent of awareness of teachers on the use of computer bases learning in teaching English as a second languages?
3)    Find out the extent computers are available for use in the teaching of the English language?
4)    To find out how competent are English language teachers in computer software for teaching?


Significance of the study

The significance of this study cannot be overemphasized 

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