COMPARATIVE STUDY OF MALE AND FEMALE ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE AND INTEREST IN C.R.S (A CASE STUDY OF SOME SELECETED SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN IKERE LOCAL GOVERNMENT


COMPARATIVE STUDY OF MALE AND FEMALE ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE AND INTEREST IN C.R.S (A CASE STUDY OF SOME SELECETED SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN IKERE LOCAL GOVERNMENT
 

TABLE OF CONTENT
Title page                                                                                    
Certification                                                                                   
Dedication                                                                                     
Acknowledgements                                                                          
Table of Contents                                                                            
Abstract                                                                                             
CHAPTER ONE : INTRODUCTION                       
 Background to the Study                                                                       
Statement of the Problem                                                                          
 Purpose of the Study                                                                  
Objectives of the Study                                                                   
 Research Questions                                                                       
 Research Hypotheses                                                                     
Significance of the Study                                                                         
Limitation of the Study                                                                  
CHAPTER TWO:  LITERATURE REVIEW 
Conceptual Framework                                                                  
Theoretical Framework                                                                    
Empirical Studies                                                                            
Summary of Literature Review                                                                  
CHAPTER THREE: METHODOLOGY
Introduction                                                                                   
Research Design                                                                            
Population of the Study                                                                  
Sampling Technique and Sample                                                     
Research Instruments                                                                      
Validity of the Instrument                                                               
Administration of Instrument                                                          
Method of Data Analysis                                                                        
CHAPTER FOUR: RESULT PRESENTATION
Introduction                                                                                     
Result and Discussion                                                                      
Discussion of Findings                                                                     
CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Summary                                                                                         
Conclusion                                                                                       
Recommendations                                                                                 
References                                                                                     
Appendix                                                                                                                                                                   
   ABSTRACT
This study examines the influence of School Environment on student Academic Performance in Secondary Schools in Ikere Local Government Area Ekiti State. Factors such as school physical facilities, school climate, class size and discipline were examined to know their effects on touhe academic performance of secondary school students. Questionnaire was contracted to test the hypotheses developed. Simple percentage statistical tool was employed to analyse the variables. Based on the findings, it was discovered that poor school facilities, large class size, inappropriate school location, and indiscipline among teachers and students affects students’ academic performance. Recommendations were made to address the issues of school learning facilities, classroom population, school location, and proper discipline.




CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Background of the Study
          The nature of gender inequalities in education has changed profoundly over recent decades, and with regard to attainment of goals in particular, has become more complex. Apart from the injustice inherent in all gender stereotyping, gender differences in education can also negatively affect economic growth and social development. The education for women is believed to have far-reaching benefits. It has a positive contributions to health of family, family size, and education of children (Hill, 2003). In a similar vein, World Bank (2006) stated that one way for developing countries to bring a better life standard of a people is to invest in the education of girls. In its view of the far reaching advantage of girls’ education, the article continued to state “Not only well educated women are more productive, but they will also bring up better educated and healthier child” (World Bank, 2006).
          Using Nigerian as a case study, the proportion of females’ to males’ higher education academic performance and participation has not yet reached the same (MOE, 2008). This shows that the higher education of female is still a long way behind, as compared to w hat is desired by the country.
          Christian religious studies is a discipline that has been plagued by many problems such as declining popularity and low enrolment especially in institutions of higher learning, poor academic performance in both external and internal examination and gender differences noticed in such performances. Gender roles affect familiarity with academic content, career aspirations, attitude towards subjects, teachers expectation and preferred approaches and these in turn affect academic performance (Equal opportunities commission,2001).
          One of the major challenges is how the gender attitude behaves differently in different fields of life including education, services in offices and in house hold matters, etc. The gender wise performance may behave differently based on several numbers of variables including demographic, social, cultural, etc. Gender has been found to influence the student’s academic performance (Braddock, 2001; Simelane, 2006).
          Lao (2008) found that the female students achieved higher Cumulative Grade Point Average (CGPA) as compared to male, during observing the academic performance before college level. Young and Fisler (2000) observed that male students obtained better scores than females. Observing success in terms of course grades, Bridgeman and Wendler (2001) found that women had identical or higher grades in CRS classes.
          The health of students can also influence on the students educational performance because with good health more work is possible than that of poor health (Hammer et al., 2008). Location of the Institution (Urban and Rural) was also investigated to be a significant factor contributing to students’ academic performance (Glass et. al., 2002; Mosteller, 2005).
          Parents’ educational achievements were also observed to have a positively significant impact to enhance their children’s academic performance (Durden & Ellis, 1995). Higher rate of success in graduation was found in college students whose parents’ had attained higher educational level (Swell & Shaw, 2001). Moreover, the personal behaviour of the student towards studies may also play an important role in order to enhance the students’ performance. This behaviour may vary from male to female. The female students can achieve higher grades than male students because they attend lectures more regularly than male and sit in the front of the classroom (Brooks and Rebeta, 2005).
          Past academic performance, age, gender, work done at home, time spent reading in the library, and students’ behaviour toward school were found to be the significant factors for the determination of students performance (Sithole and Dlamini, 1997). Hence, it may be expected that the time spend in cafeteria and studies other than class hours may affect the academic performance. The studies other than class hours were found to be inversely significant with the students’ academic performance (Hijazi and Naqvi, 2006).
          Now a day, the importance of internet cannot be denied in the higher education studies. Because the latest material related to the different concepts is available on the internet. So, it is expected that the use of internet can influence on the students’ academic performance. Aleamoni (1977) found that the past behavior is considered the best predictor of the future behavior.
          According to Obemeata (2003) CRS as a subject has various values to the learners, it connects learners to the essentials of everyday life and it widens the mental horizon of learner because it increase mental capacity to understand various problems of life and to analyze a situation and then draws conclusions which provides a guideline for successful life
Statement of the Problem
          One of the problems that is attracting public concern in Nigeria today is the gender gap in academic performance of students in schools. This observable disparity has been blamed on a number of factors including social, economic and cultural stereotyping. The study was based on the researchers’ experiences of over fifteen years of teaching and has knowledge of academic performance of male and female in secondary schools. Observation had shown that there are differences between male and female in the pattern of education. These differences are causing disparity in gender participation and academic performance in Nigerian secondary schools. From the researcher’s point of view, it appears that not much research center on gender difference in academic performance in Christian Religious Studies have been conducted especially in Ikere Metropolis, Ekiti State, Nigeria. In addition, among the few researches conducted on gender disparity in academic performance of secondary schools in Ekiti state none of the researchers gave a conclusive answer to the problems. It is against this that, this study was conducted to determine gender difference in academic performance in Christian Religious Studies among senior secondary school students in Ikere Metropolis. However, it is important to note that there are several variables that can affect performance, rather than gender.
Purpose of the Study
          The purpose of this study is to determine whether there is comparative studies of male and female academic performance and interest in Christian Religion Studies.
Objectives of the Study
a) To investigate the differences in the academic performance of male and female students
b) To examine the teaching and performance of instructors
c) To evaluate the distribution of performance by male and female students
d) To determine the statistics of the C.R.S achievement of the males and females
Research Questions
1.     What are those factors responsible for the male and female academic performance of student and interest in Christian Religious studies?
2.     Does the socio- economic background of parents affect male and female academic Performance and interest in Christian Religious studies?
3.     What are the effects of instructional material on academic Performance of male and female students in Christian Religious Studies?
4.     Does the attitude of student affect their learning of Christian Religious studies?
5.     How can teachers improve on their method and attitude of teaching in order to stimulate the interests of male and female students in learning Christian Religious studies?
Hypothesis
1.     There are significant factors responsible for the male and female academic performance of student and interest in Christian Religious Studies.
2.     Socio- economic background of parents affects male and female academic Performance and interest in Christian Religious studies.
3.     There are significant effects of instructional material on academic Performance of male and female students in Christian Religious Studies.
4.     Attitude of student affect their learning of Christian Religious Studies.
5.     There are significant ways in which teachers can improve on their method and attitude of teaching in order to stimulate the interests of male and female students in learning Christian Religious Studies.
Significant of the Study
          The investigation has noticed that male and female students are not performing as expected of them in Christian Religious studies. The varying psychologists and teachers have therefore focused their attention on influencing factor affecting academic performance of male and female students. They were of the view that the problem comes from the teachers, students and government.



Limitation of the Study
This research work will cover Christian Religious Studies in secondary schools and the study will be limited to Ikere Local Government of Ekiti State.
The subject of the study is the comparative study of male and female academic performance and interest in Christian Religious studies, a case study of Ikere Local Government Area. 











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