APPROACHES TO REDUCE INFANTS MORTALITY RATE IN EMURE LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF EKITI STATE

APPROACHES TO REDUCE INFANTS MORTALITY RATE IN EMURE LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF EKITI STATE

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Contents Pages

COVER PAGE i

TITLE PAGE ii

CERTIFICATION iii

APPROVAL PAGE iv

DEDICATION v

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS vi

TABLE OF CONTENTS vii-ix

LIST OF FIGURES x

LIST OF TABLES xi

LIST OF APPENDICES xii

ABSTRACT xiii-xiv

CHAPTER I – INTRODUCTION

Background to the study 1

Statement of the problem 8

Purpose of the study 9

Significance of the study 9

Scope of the study 10

Research questions 10

Research hypotheses 11

CHAPTER II – REVIEW OF LITERATURE

Review of literature 12

Conceptual framework 13

Concept of mortality 15

Causes of mortality 16

Approaches in reducing infant mortality rate in Nigeria 20

Socio-economic determinant of child survival 30

Theoretical framework 33

Summary of literature reviewed 39

CHAPTER III – METHODOLOGY

Research design 40

Area of the study 41

Population of the study 42

Sample and sampling techniques 42

Instruments for data collection 43

Validation of the instrument 44

Reliability of the instrument 44

Administration of the instrument 45

Data analysis techniques 45

CHAPTER IV – PRESENTATION AND INTERPRETATION OF RESULTS

Research question 1 46

Research question 2 48

Research question3 50

Research question 4 51

Research question 5 53

Test of research hypothesis 1 54

Test of research hypothesis 2 55

Test of research hypothesis 3 56

Test of research hypothesis 4 57

Test of research hypothesis 5 58

CHAPTER V – DISCUSSION OF RESULTS, SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS,

RECOMMENDATIONS

Discussion of results 60

Summary of the study 64

Conclusion 65

Implication of the findings 66

Recommendations 67

Limitations of the study 67

Suggestions for further studies 68

References 69

Appendix A 76

Appendix B 80

Appendix C 82

Appendix D 83

LIST OF FIGURES

Figures Pages

Fig 2.1: Conceptual framework on infant mortality 13

Fig 2.2: Theoretical framework 38

LIST OF TABLE

Tables pages

Table 4.0: Descriptive analyses showing how immunization reduce 46

Infant mortality

Table 4.1 Descriptive analyses showing how Counseling during antenatal 48

helps to reduce infant mortality

Table 4.2: Descriptive analyses showing how Health Education helps in 50

reduce infant mortality

Table 4.3 Descriptive analyses showing how free health care reduce 51

infant mortality

Table 4.4: Descriptive analyses showing how the use of health facilities 53

helps reduce infant mortality

Table 4.5:Chi-square analyses showing the significant of immunization in 54

reducing infant mortality

Table 4.6: Chi-square analyses showing the significant of Counselling in 55

reducing infant mortality

Table 4.7: Chi-square analyses showing the significant of immunization 56

in reducing infant mortality

Table 4.8: Chi-square analyses showing the significant of free health care 57

services in reducing infant mortality

Table 4.9: Chi-square analyses showing how health facilities help to reduce 58

infant mortality

LIST OF APPENDICES

Appendices pages

Appendix A: Questionnaire on the approaches to reduce infant mortality 76

rate in Emure local government Area of Ekiti state

Appendix B: Reliability statistics using Pearson product moment 80

correlation (PPMC)

Appendix C: Letter of permission to collect data/information/carry out 82

Research experiment

Appendix D: List of Hospital and Health Centers 83
ABSTRACT

The study investigated the approaches to reduce infant mortality rate in Emure Local government area of Ekiti state. Nigeria has one of the highest maternal and infant mortality rates in the world and this necessitated the greater attention given to Maternal and Child Health (MCH) services in the country’s. The purpose of the study was to find out if immunization, counseling, health education, free health care services and health facilities will serve as approaches to reduce infant mortality in Emure Local Government Area of Ekiti State.

The research design for the study was survey design of the descriptive research. The sample size of two hundred (200) respondents was used for the study. The respondents were pregnant women and nursing mothers in Emure local government area. Five selected health centre’s and one General Hospital were randomly selected using simple random sampling technique. The instrument used for the study was a 29 –items structured questionnaire. Split -half method was employed to ascertain the instrument using Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation. A coefficient of 1 was obtained at 0.05 level of significant. Descriptive statistic involving frequency counts and percentages were used to answer research question. The generated hypotheses were tested using Chi-Square (x²). All the hypothesis were tested at 0.05 level of significance.

The findings of the study revealed that that immunization of children helps in reducing infant mortality rate in Emure local government area of Ekiti State. Also findings from the study revealed that counselling during antenatal period and Health Education helps in reducing infant mortality rate in the study area.

The researcher concluded that immunization of children, counseling during antenatal period, Health Education, health care services and health facilities helps in reducing infant mortality rate in Emure local government area of Ekiti state. The researcher recommended that State Government should make provision for vaccine for children under the age of five, also Government should make available counselor to educates the women on the approaches to reduce infant mortality.

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