IMPACT OF HOME BACKGROUND ON PRE-SCHOOL CHILDREN’S ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE



IMPACT OF HOME BACKGROUND ON PRE-SCHOOL CHILDREN’S ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE 
TABLE OF CONTENT
Title page                                                                              
Certification                                                                                   
Dedication                                                                             
Acknowledgement                                                                            
Table of content                                                                    
Abstract                                                                                 
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Background of the study                                                        
Statement of the problem                                                      
Purpose of the study                                                    
Objectives of the study                                                 
Research question                                                                   
Research hypotheses                                                 
Significance of the study                                                        
Definition of the terms                                                 
CHAPTER TWO
          REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE                     

CHAPTER THREE
Research Methodology: Introduction                                                     
Research Design                                                                               
Population of the study                                                                             
Sample and Sampling Technique                                                    
Instrument                                                                                       
Procedure for data collection                                                          
Validity of the Instruments                                                              
Procedure for Data Analysis                                                           
CHAPTER FOUR
PRESENTATION AND DATA ANALYSIS                              
CHAPTER FIVE
 SUMMARY, RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCLUSION
Summary                                                                                
Conclusion                                                                             
Recommendations                                                                         
References                                                                            
Questionnaire                                           
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ABSTRACT
          Pre-school is the preparatory stage for the young children. They need proper attention at home and outside the home for good academic performance and for the development of the nation. This research was aimed to investigate if home background influences academic performance of pre-school children in Ikere Local Government Area of Ekiti State.
          Self-developed questionnaire was distributed to one hundred parents of preschool age pupils from five (5) randomly selected Nursery/Primary schools in Ikere Local Government Area of Ekiti State.
          From the finding of this study shows that, Parent/Family involvement influence children’s academic performance in pre-schools,  and number of children in family can not affect the pre-school children’s academic performance and family composition can affect  pre-school children’s academic performance. Appropriate  recommendations were made.


 CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Background of the study
          Academic performance is usually influenced by many conditions or characteristics in the home and outside the home which need to be manipulated in order to ascertain their relationship with children’s academic performance. Among the variables that are significant in their interrelationship with academic achievement are; distance of the school from the pre-school children’s homes, place of residence, number of people in the household, father’s/guardian’s level of education and attitude towards attainment in pre-school children’s academic performance.
          Education becomes a joint family venture, and siblings reside with older brothers and sisters and other family members who are often better educated than them in order to be more successful at school. The influence of the family in the socialization process, family interests and support and the psychological stimulation of the child’s academic development by parents and other significant persons in the home environment are important influence on academic achievement and motivation (Circere, 2004; Marjori-banks; 2006, Walberg and Marjoribanks, 2006). This is true for this study; the better achieving children usually reside with the better educated family members.
There are factors that are outside the school’s control like the children’s home background and socio-economic status, parent’s/guardian’s level of education and the family member’s attitude towards achievement. The importance of home background has been cited as a major factor which influences performance. Talcott (2002), Bank (2006), Mirthungu (2007). Moula (2009) in Niger state asserted that there is a positive relationship between children’s academic performance and home background. There are home environmental factors that have been seen for years as serious handicap to good school progress. One of them is poverty, due to factors like low wage, large families, retrenchment and loss of family breadwinner which exert pressure on children’s academic performance.
          Waweru (2008) asserts that malnutrition and poor living conditions are bound to have an influence on the health of the child and directly or indirectly affect his/her ability to learn. This shows that home background directly influences children’s academic performance.


Statement of the Problem
          Academic performance in pre-school is of great concern to government, public and individuals. Information obtained from the school administrators indicate that children’s performance is impacted by different factors such as heredity and environment. First of all, influence of heredity is well established and plays significant role in child’s development in general and academic performance as well. Home background as one of environment factor also has the impact on the school children academic. Academic performance in pre-school children indicates the relationship between children’s residential area, number of people in the household, distance of the school from the children’s homes, parent/guardian level of education and attitude towards educational achievement and help for homework.
Purpose of the study
           This research aims at studying how home background influences children’s academic performance especially in pre-school in Ikere Local government area of Ekiti State.



Objectives of the study
The specific objectives of the study were:-
1. To find out how the residential area impacts pre-school children’s academic performance.
2. To establish the relationship between the number of people in the household and pre-school children’s academic performance.
3. To determine whether parent’s/ guardian’s education level influences pre-school children’s academic performance.
Research questions                                           
          In order to investigate the above statement of the problem and the objectives, the following questions are generated to guide the study.
1. What is the relationship between pre-school children’s residential area and their academic performance?
2. Is there relationship between the number of people in the household and the pre-school children’s academic performance?
3. Does the parent’s/guardian’s education level influence pre-school children’s academic performance?


Research hypotheses
i.                   There is no significant difference between children’s performances in term of residential area.
ii.                 There is no significant relationship between the number of people in the household and the pre-school children’s academic performance.
Significance of the study
          The parents/guardians of the pre-school children will benefit from the research findings in understanding their role in their children’s academic performance. They will be provided with rich information as to why they are their children’s first teachers and the pillars in their academic performance.
          The findings of the study may be useful to the personnel in the ministry of education in understanding their role in facilitating academic performance in pre-school education sub-sector which is an important institution in the entire education system. Pre-school education not only enables girls and boys to gain access to education but also it gives them a bearing on their lives.
Ministry of Education and other institutions involved in training of pre-school teachers will also benefit. Ministry of Education will benefit by improving the quality of training of teachers who handle children from different home backgrounds. The findings will further benefit future researchers in identifying priority areas in which to carry out more in-depth researches on homes and institutions which partner with schools in pre-school children’s effective performance in Ikere Local Government Area of Ekiti state.
Definition of Terms
Academic performance: The way in which one carries out an activity successfully especially in academics.
Access to education: The way of teaching or entering a place where teaching is done.
Level of Education:  A standard of academic ability or level of learning.
Environmental factors: The place in which people live including all the physical condition that affect them. E.g. parents are responsible for providing the right environment for their children to learn.
Household: All the number of people that live in the same house.
Home background: The type of place where one lives or feels he/she belongs.
Parent: a person’s mother or father who is legally responsible for the care of a child.
Pre-school: school sub-sector that prepares children for primary school. The children in this school sub-sector are usually between zero to six years of age.
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