EFFECTS OF ICT AND LABORATORY ACTIVITIES ON THE TEACHING AND LEARNING OF INTEGRATED SCIENCE IN JUNIOR SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN IKERE LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF EKITI STATE

EFFECTS OF ICT AND LABORATORY ACTIVITIES ON THE TEACHING AND LEARNING OF INTEGRATED SCIENCE IN JUNIOR SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN IKERE LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF EKITI STATE


TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title page
Certification
Dedication
Acknowledgement
Abstract
Table of contents
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Background to the study
Statement of the Problems
Purpose of the study
Significance of the study
Research Questions
Research Hypotheses
Delimitation of the study
Definition of Terms

CHAPTER TWO
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
The meaning of ICT for the integrated science teachers
The challenges of ICT in Junior Secondary School in Nigeria
The importance of laboratory in teaching and learning of integrated science among junior secondary school
Laboratory equipment and facility
Learners Attitude Towards Laboratory Activities
Summary
CHAPTER THREE
METHODOLOGY
Research Design
Population
Sample and Sampling Technique
Research Instrument
Validity of the Instrument
Reliability of the instrument
Administration of Instrument
Data Analysis
CHAPTER FOUR
ANALYSIS OF RESULT AND DISCUSSION
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
Implication of the study
Recommendations
REFERENCES
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CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Background to the study
The entire world has been metamorphosised into a global village by Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Information and Communication Technology Bloomy Garrison (2008) said that emanation of ICT has accused a lot of development since 1974s, the internet which is development is also global system of interconnected computer networks that use the standard internet protocol suite (Teplip) Technology Communication.  Protocol IP internet protocol to serve billions of users worldwide.  It is a network of local to global scope that are linked by a broad array of electronic and practical networking technologies.
This (ICT) Information and Communication carries a vast array of information resources and services through the internet since it has been discovered that ICT materials are the people from English country.  French, German etc. among them are the people from English country, Charles Babbage, Larray Hindes etc notably the inter linked hyper text documents of the world wide web and the infrastructure to support electronic mail, the origins of the ICT especially internet reach to the 1960’s when the United States funded research projects of its military agencies to build robust fault tolerant and distributed computer networks.  The USSR’s Lunch of sputnik spurred the United States to create the advanced research Projects Agency known as ARPA.
ICT (Information and Communication Technology) has been observed by Hastrup (2007) perhaps the greatest achievement of the 20th and 21st centuries was the development and application of ICT to all facets of human endeavour. According to him, no work of sciences has so significantly impacted on the course of human development as information and communication technology because it had positively transformed effectively and every aspect of human life such as accounting, agriculture business, sector, medicine, science etc.
According to Olorundare (2006) there is no doubt that Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has found its in teaching integrated science in developed and developing countries Education policies and such its use and integration has become, widespread in the various school system.
Laboratory was introduced in many centuries, years ago since then, it had contributed greatly to the wide knowledge of the teachers and the students.
Laboratory is derived from word “laborate” a Latin word with the meaning labour of work.  Also a room or building used for scientific research experiments, testing etc. in the study of science, laboratory plays an important role by giving room to memorization from some printed materials but knowledge as built from experience enhance the growth of the children of learner inability to problem effectively, develop in children and interest in and on appreciation for the world in which they like seeing believes and adds to understand MC Mart (2006).
Statement of the Problems
The research focused on the effect of ICT and laboratory activities on the teaching and learning of integrated science in junior secondary schools.
Junior secondary school students have no expectation in integrated science due to many reason.
It could be that of ICT and due to laboratory it is one of the reason.  One would like to ask therefore whether lack of ICT and laboratory activities are considered by both students and teacher to be a major problem confronting effective teaching and learning of integrated science.  Poor awareness of ICT equipment is considered by both students and teachers to be a problem facing effective teaching and learning of integrated science in junior secondary school.
Purpose of the study
          The main purpose of study is to investigate the effects of information Communication Technology on Laboratory Activities among the Junior Secondary Schools and Possible measure to be given to improve the effect the effects and encourage Laboratory activities for the students.
Significance of study
          The result of the study would serves as a bent to promote the effects of ICT and Laboratory activities among the juniors Secondary School teachers and the students could as well serve as a forum of enlightenment to the user of some of the ICT equipments and development like Internet Computer Program (ICP) to the students and the teachers.
          The teachers in competence on the basis of computer operation (Keyboard skills diskette for matting etc.) has gross implications on their inability to use computer based ICTS, software packages (e.g. self Learning CDS, CD ROMS statistical/mathematical packages, computer assisted instructional packages, computer managed instruction (CMI), graphical illustrations conferencing etc.  Therefore, the need for computer training of teacher’s pre – service and in – service cannot be over emphasized.
Research Questions
1)                What types of information must be provided to schools to aid in the introduction and maintenance of ICT related equipment and to promoted ICT related instruction?
2)                How can ICTs be used to combat corruption in the education sector?
3)                What are the most successful and relevant strategies for using ICTS to change pedagogical practices?
4)                What are the costs/benefits of situating ICTS for use in schools outside of computer classroom?
5)                How do exposure to and use of ICTS in school affect future employment?
6)                Are some school subjects better suited for ICT integration than others?
7)                How can ICTS be used to reach out to and teach illiterate youth?
8)                How can ICTS be used to present, comment on and discuss student work, and what are the implications of such implications of such impact?
9)                What would be a useful set of core indicators that could be used across countries?
10)           What successful models exist for opening ICT facilities in schools to the wider community?
Research Hypotheses
1)                There is no significant difference between the performance of students from schools with laboratory and those without laboratory.
2)                There is no significant difference between the performance of student’s who were taught with ICT and those who were taught without ICT.
3)                There is no significant difference in the interest of the students who have laboratory and the knowledge of ICT from those that lack laboratory and ICT knowledge.
4)                There is no significant difference in the teachers method of teaching between the ICT literate and those that are illiterate of ICT and laboratory.
DELIMITATION OF STUDY
          The researcher work was delimited to a few randomly selected junior secondary schools in Ikere – Ekiti, Ekiti State for thorough supervision.  Four secondary schools used were both co-educational schools and single sex school both government and private school.

Definitions of Terms
Information refers to refined data.  It is a message that emanates from a sender, passing a medium to a receiver for the purpose of carrying out an objective.
Information is got raw, real and can be operated upon.  It provides what you can refer to as direct experience.  It breaks of distance and is capable of audio, visual, audio – visual and other sensory stimulation.  Communication is the transmission of information from senders to receiver to senders.  Communication is an interaction process used to changes or influences the learner’s behaviour toward intended outcomes.
·                    Technology is a systematic and integrated organization of man, machines ideals and procedures to achieve a desired goal.  Technology extends the ability of human to change the world around him, it enable him to cultivate shape or put together materials, move thing around and to utilized the five natural senses.
(smell sight, taste, touch and hearing) in a most unusual and far reaching manner.
·                    Laboratory is a part of the school building set apart for specific activities such as experimentation manipulation of objects and materials investigation etc.
It is to science
Workshop is to technology where the integration of a man, machines ideals and procedure is follow to achieve a desire goal through the ability of a man to change this around world.
·                    Information and Communication Technology (ICT) comprises the method the technical mean of capturing storms, processing, retrieving and transmitting both data and the information borne by the data thus enhancing man’s technical social processes.

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