KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDE OF FEMALE YOUTHS TOWARDS FAMILY PLANNING IN COLLEGE OF EDUCATION
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APPROVAL PAGE
THIS PROJECT HAS BEEN APPROVED FOR THE
DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICAL AND HEALTH EDUCATION, FACULTY OF EDUCATION,
UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA, NSUKK
BY
___________________
__________________
Supervisor Internal
Examiner
___________________
_________________
External Examiner
Head of Department
_______________________
Dean of Faculty
TABLE
OF CONTENTS
Contents Pages
COVER PAGE
TITLE PAGE
CERTIFICATION
APPROVAL PAGE
DEDICATION
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
OF CONTENTS
LIST OF FIGURES
LIST OF TABLES
LIST OF APPENDICES
ABSTRACT
CHAPTER I – INTRODUCTION
Background of
the study
Statement of
the problem
Purpose of
the study
Significance
of the study
Scope of the
study
Research
questions
Hypotheses
Assumption of
the study
CHAPTER II – REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Ø Conceptual framework
Ø Theoretical framework
Ø Review of related empirical studies.
History of family planning
Knowledge of family planning
Modern methods of family planning
Traditional methods of family
planning
Religious groups on family planning
Socialization on family planning
Economic status on family planning
The right of female youths to family
planning
The benefits of family planning
Ø Summary of literature reviewed.
CHAPTER III – METHODOLOGY
Research design
Area of the study
Population of the study
Sample and sampling
techniques
Instrument for data
collection
Validation of the
instrument
Reliability of the
instrument
Administration of the
instrument
Data analysis techniques
CHAPTER IV – PRESENTATION AND
INTERPRETATION OF RESULTS
CHAPTER V – DISCUSSION OF RESULTS, SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS,
RECOMMENDATIONS
Discussion of results
Summary of the study
Conclusions
Implications of the findings
Recommendations
Limitations of the study
Suggestions for further studies
REFERENCES
APPENDICES
LIST OF FIGURES
Figures Pages
Fig 2.1: Conceptual framework on family
planning
Fig 2.2: Theoretical framework
LIST OF TABLES
Tables Pages
Table 1: Descriptive
analysis on knowledge of family planning.
Table 2: Descriptive analysis on modern methods of
family planning
Table 3: Descriptive
analysis on traditional methods of family planning.
Table 4: Descriptive analysis on influence of religion on family planning.
Table 5: Descriptive
analysis on influence of socialization on family planning
Table 6: Descriptive
analysis on influence of economic status on family
planning
Table 7: Chi –Square
analysis on knowledge of family planning
Table 8: Chi –Square
analysis on modern methods of family planning.
Table 9: Chi-Square
analysis on traditional methods of family planning.
Table 10: Chi-Square
analysis on influence of religion on family planning.
Table 11: Chi-Square
analysis on influence of socialization on family
planning.
Table 12: Chi-Square
analysis on influence of economic status on family
planning.
LIST OF APPENDICES
Appendices
Pages
Appendix A:
Questionnaire on knowledge and attitude of female youths toward
family planning in College of
Education, Ikere, Ekiti State.
Appendix B: Letter collected
from school authority for population of the study
used for the research
Appendix C: Calculated
reliability statistics using Pearson’s Product
Moment Correlation (PPMC).
ABSTRACT
The study investigated the knowledge
and attitude of female youths toward family planning in college of education
Ikere Ekiti State. In Nigeria, most of the youths do not do family planning, as
a result of this female youths get unwanted pregnancy and involving in abortion
.This has resulted in the dumping of children and sudden death of many youths
through abortion. The purpose of the study was to find out if female youths of
college of education Ikere Ekiti have knowledge of family planning, the
attitude of female youths of college of education Ikere toward the use of
modern methods of family planning, the attitude of female youths of college of
education Ikere toward the use of traditional methods of family planning, if
religion group have influence on the attitude of female youths
of college of education Ikere
toward family planning, if socialization
will have influence on the
attitude of female youths in college of education Ikere toward family planning
and if economic status will have influence on the attitude of female youths in
college of education Ikere toward family planning.
The research design for the study was
survey design of the descriptive research. The sample size of three hundred
(300) respondents was used for the study. The respondents were female students
of college of education Ikere Ekiti state. All the five schools were
purposively selected for the study; sixty (60) students were selected from each
school using simple random sampling technique. The instrument used for the
study was a 36 –items structured questionnaire. A test re-test method was
employed to ascertain the instrument using Pearson’s Product Moment
Correlation. A coefficient 0.95 was obtained at 0.05 level of significant.
Descriptive statistic involving frequency counts and percentages were used to
answer research questions .The generated hypotheses were tested using
Chi-Square (x2).All the hypothesis were
tested at 0.05 level of significance.
The findings of the study revealed
that female youths
of College of Education Ikere will not significantly have knowledge of family
planning, female youths of College of Education Ikere will not have significant
attitude toward the use of modern methods of family planning, female youths of
College of Education Ikere will not have significant attitude toward the use of
traditional methods of family planning, religious groups will not significantly
have influence on the attitude of female youths of College of Education Ikere
Ekiti towards family planning, socialization will not significantly have
influence on the attitude of female youths of College of Education Ikere
towards family planning, economic status will not significantly have influence
on the attitude of female youths of College of Education Ikere towards family
planning.
The study concluded that the
respondents have knowledge about family planning. Respondent do not have
significant attitude toward modern method of family planning .There was
significant attitude among the respondents toward traditional methods of family
planning. Religion group do not influence the respondents toward family
planning. Socialization has influence on female youths toward family planning.
Economic status has influence on the attitude of female respondents toward
family planning. The researcher recommended that health educators should
recommend family planning program in order to achieve the desired behavioural
change toward family planning. Government should employ the health worker to
reduce the cost of family planning so that youths can have access to family
planning at cheaper price.
CHAPTER
I
INTRODUCTION
Background of the study
Family planning is a pillar of safe motherhood
and is now seen as a human right. Family planning is the planning of when to
have children and the use of birth control and other techniques to implement
such plans. Family planning is sometimes used as a synonym for the use of birth
control; however it often includes a wide variety of methods and practices that
is not birth control. It most usually applied to a female –male couple they
have or control the timing of pregnancy (spacing children.
World Health Organization (WHO) (1975) defined
family planning as a programme to regulate the number and spacing of children
in a family through the practise of contraception or other methods of birth
control. According to Odejide (2009) family planning as a concept includes
contraception which deals primarily with then prevention of unwanted pregnancy
and family health education which touches on responsible sexual behaviour and
proper motherhood and fatherhood upbringing. In a nut shell, family planning
simply means the ability to plan the family in such a way that the family can
have the number of children she desires and still enjoy marital life. The
Planned Parenthood Federation of Nigeria, (PPFN) (1999) defined family planning
as the spacing of birth for the health and welfare of mothers and children.
Contraception methods have had a considerable
positive impact on material and in fact health and population growth. It is
however unfortunate that unwanted pregnancies and unsafe termination of
pregnancy still occur in large number among the female youths in college of
education Ikere, Ekiti state. Through young people today marry late, but many
of them start sexual relationship before marriage in particular most of the
female youth start at their tender ages (Manzini, 2001). The involvement of
young people in unprotected sexual behaviour has increased their vulnerability
to HIV infection. The female youths of college of education Ikere, Ekiti state
really needs access to information about sexual and reproductive health and
contraceptive choice. They must be able to make their choice to prevent
unwanted pregnancies, HIV infection and Sexually Transmitted Infection (STIs),
based on informed knowledge of the health concerns and side effects of such
contraceptive.
Most of the factors influencing youths especially
the females in some of the tertiary institutions in their sexual behaviour and
attitudes toward contraceptive use is religion. Some studies have emphasised
the functionality of religion in influencing young people’s sexual behaviour
(Odimegwu, 2005; Ringheim & Woldehanna, 2009) with less consideration on
the likely effects of doctorial teachings on unmarried young people’s sexual
behaviour that might publicly comply with abstinence by not using
contraceptives but engage in risky sexual behaviour. In terms of attitudes a
high proportion (39%) considers that female have a more responsible attitude to
contraceptive than male perhaps a predictable response. this reflects growing
concerns about teenage pregnancies and the number of teenage having unprotected
sex through ignorance or fear of going to family doctor to obtain
contraceptive.
Traditionally it was not acceptable to get
pregnant in tertiary institution and also before marriage, but cultural norms
have shifted and having a teenage pregnancy is now not seen as immoral (Ehlers
& Ziyani 2006). They also proceeded that the attitude of health care
providers contribute to the non-use of contraceptives by female youths in
tertiary institutions, since they are denied access by being ridiculed and
despite having knowledge about contraceptives they end up becoming pregnant.
Bisik & Yako (2007) opined that in Africa
most especially in the tertiary institutions female youths die due to pregnancy
related conditions and unsafe abortion account for a great deal of youth
morbidity. They also reported that a large proportion of youths were exposed to
the risk of pregnancy in tertiary institutions, college of education Ikere is a
sub-set of tertiary institution in Nigeria. It was observed by the researcher
that teenage pregnancy is common among college of education, Ikere students.
These could be said to be due to lack of contraceptive knowledge.
It is necessary for human beings especially
female youths in college of education
Ikere, Ekiti state to lay emphasis on caring for children i.e. the ability to
look after them properly rather than giving birth unexpectedly. Hence, thinking
about how they will cope with their studies in school, along with caring for
the child. Family planning does not state the number of children a family could
have but it emphasises on spacing of births and regulating reproduction for the
health of the mother.
This research work is based on knowledge and
attitude of female youths towards family planning in College of Education
Ikere, Ekiti state.
Statement of the problem
One of the primary objectives of family planning
among female youths in tertiary institutions is to enhance good health. The
researcher observed that in College of Education Ikere, there are many female
students who are involved in termination of unwanted and unplanned pregnancies
are related issues, which affect their health and academic status. The
researcher is of the opinion that these could be linked with th
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